Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Covid-19 Vaccines among Plwh

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated promising serologic responses in PLWH receiving a third dose of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. However, real-world clinical effectiveness, especially during the pandemic caused by B.1.1.529 variant, remains less investigated. Method(s): PLWH seeking HIV care at our hospital from 2021/6 to 2022/6 were included and advised to receive the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Individuals were excluded from this study if they had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Different types of COVID-19 vaccines were available in the vaccination program, including BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 (either 50 or 100 mug), MVC-COV1901 and NVX-CoV2373 vaccines. PLWH were screening for the occurrence of COVID-19 through the reporting system of notifiable diseases of Taiwan CDC, and were tested for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgG every 1 to 3 months. Participants were followed for 180 days until the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination, occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroconversion of anti-N IgG, death, or loss to follow-up, whichever occurred first. Result(s): 1,496 PLWH were included: 631 (42.2%) receiving 100 mug mRNA-1273 vaccine, 468 (31.3%) 50 mug mRNA-1273 vaccine, and 328 (21.9%) BNT162b2 vaccine, 65 (4.3%) MVC-COV1901 vaccine, and 4 (0.3%) NVX-CoV2373 vaccine for the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 297 (19.9%) PLWH were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the follow-up period, including 92 (14.6%) who received 100 mug mRNA-1273, 111 (23.7%) 50 mug mRNA-1273, 79 (24.1%) BNT162b2 and 15 (21.7%) either MVC-COV1901 or NVX-CoV2373;in addition, 98 PLWH had seroconversion of anti-N IgG during follow-up, including 23, 50, 19 and 6 PLWH who received 100 mug mRNA-1273, 50 mug mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and either MVC-COV1901 or NVX-CoV2373, respectively. Similar rates of new infection with SARS-CoV-2 or seroconversion of anti-N IgG were demonstrated regardless the vaccine type of the third dose (log-rank test, p=0.46). Factors associated with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion of anti-N IgG included an age >50 years (aOR, 0.67;95% CI, 0.49-0.91) and newly infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (aOR, 1.41;95% CI, 1.09-1.83). Conclusion(s): Our study demonstrated that clinical effectiveness of the third dose of different vaccines available to PLWH was similar in preventing SARSCoV- 2 infection or seroconversion of anti-N IgG Taiwan. PLWH aged less than 50 years and those with newly diagnosed HCV infection were at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19. Kaplan-Meier survival curve for acquiring COVID-19 or seroconversion of anti-N IgG in PLWH receiving different COVID-19 vaccination of the third dose (log-rank test, 4 groups, p = 0.46).

Restoration of Humoral Response to Covid-19 Vaccination in Rituximab-Treated Patients

Background: Previous studies had demonstrated that patients with hematologic malignancies had suboptimal antibody response after receiving COVID-19 vaccines, especially among those having previously treated with anti- CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Method(s): Adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were enrolled before receiving the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Determinations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid IgG titers were performed every 1-3 months, after they received the second and the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, respectively. Patients were excluded from analysis if they were diagnosed with COVID-19. All serum samples were tested for anti-nucleocapsid antibody and those tested positive were excluded from subsequent analyses. Result(s): A total of 85 participants were enrolled, including 42 (49.4%) with diffused large B-cell lymphoma, and 13 (15.3) with follicular lymphoma and 9 with CLL. 72 (84.7%) participants had received anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, with a median interval of 24 months between last anti-CD20 treatment and the second dose of vaccine, and 21 (24.7%) had HIV infection. Factors associated with failure to achieve an anti-spike IgG titer >141 BAU/ mL within 12 weeks after the second dose of vaccine included HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.14;95% CI, 0.04-0.51), active hematologic disease (aOR, 5.50;95% CI 1.42-21.32), receipt of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (aOR, 6.65;95% CI 1.52-29.07), and receipt of two doses of homologous mRNA vaccination (aOR, 0.17;95% CI 0.05-0.56). In the participants having previously treated with anti-CD20 regimen, only 8.6% achieved an antibody response ( >141 BAU/mL) in the first year, while 78.3% achieved anti-spike IgG titer > 141 BAU/mL after two years post B-cell depleting treatment. After the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 53.6% achieved an antispike IgG titer > 141 BAU/mL in the first year post anti-CD20 treatment. Conclusion(s): Our study demonstrated that previous treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies was associated a lower antibody response among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders receiving two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. While two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might not be sufficient even one year apart from the last dose of rituximab, a third dose of vaccine may boost anti-spike IgG particularly in the subset of recent exposure to rituximab. Anti-spike IgG determined 1-3 months after the second (A) / third (B) dose of COVID-19 vaccine, stratified by the interval between last anti-CD20 regimen and the second / third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. (Figure Presented).

Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has reduced CRC mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in screening volume. We sought to evaluate whether specific populations or socioeconomic groups were disproportionately impacted by the reduced access to care. METHOD(S): Patients eligible for CRC screening in a large integrated healthcare system, who had a primary care visit between January 2016 and April 2022, were evaluated. Trends in CRC screening were assessed by age, race, gender, insurance type, and geographic delineation by state and classification of urban or rural areas. Multilevel logistic regression models evaluated region-level cluster effects of CRC screening by patient demographics, insurance, and social vulnerability index (SVI), including socioeconomic status, household composition and disability, minority status and language, and housing and transportation domains. The interaction between trend in CRC screening and race was also investigated. RESULT(S): A total of 654,386 patients were screeneligible between January 2016 and April 2022. The cohort screening rate peaked at 70% in 2019 with a subsequent downtrend to a nadir of 63.6% through the first part of 2022. Whereas the Native American population is consistently the least screened population, the Asian population demonstrated the most significant decrease in screening during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, falling from a peak at 69.1% in 2019 to 59.3% in 2021;this remains low in 2022 at 58.9%. Further, older patients, males, location in an urban area, White ethnicity and use of commercial insurance were significantly associated with higher odds of CRC screening (p< 0.001). Conversely, patients living in more vulnerable census tracts based on the SVI socioeconomic status and housing/transportation domain had lower odds of having CRC screening (p< 0.001). Finally, there was a significant interaction between trend in CRC screening and race. The CRC screening rate increased between 2016 and 2019 and then decreased for all races, but Asian patients had the most significant decrease in CRC screening between 2020 and 2021 (68.3% versus 60.2%, p< 0.001;Figure 1). CONCLUSION(S): This is the first study to demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a population-wide decrease in CRC screening volume that disproportionately affected the Asian population and those of lower socioeconomic status. We are currently evaluating whether this impacted stage migration and mortality. (Figure Presented).

Fabrication of Antibacterial Ag/Graphene-Integrated Non-woven Polypropylene Textile for Air Pollutant Filtering.

Air pollution and infectious diseases (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) have attracted considerable attention from governments and scientists worldwide to find the best solutions to address these issues. In this study, a new simultaneous antibacterial and particulate matter (PM) filtering Ag/graphene-integrated non-woven polypropylene textile was fabricated by simply immersing the textile into a Ag/graphene-containing solution. The Ag/graphene nanocomposite was prepared by reducing Ag ions on the surface of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) using the leaf extract. The prepared Ag/graphene textile was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and contact angle measurements. The results showed excellent integration of the Ag/GNP nanocomposite into the non-woven polypropylene textile matrix. The prepared textile exhibited superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 152°. The maximum PM removal percentage of the Ag/GNP-integrated textile was determined to be 98.5% at an Ag/GNP content of 1.5% w/w and a silicon adhesive of 1% w/w. The Ag/GNP textile exhibited high antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli with no sign of bacteria on the surface. Remarkably, the as-prepared Ag/GNP textile was highly durable and stable and could be reused many times after washing.

Data-Driven Real-Time Strategic Placement of Mobile Vaccine Distribution Sites

The deployment of vaccines across the US provides significant defense against serious illness and death from COVID-19. Over 70% of vaccine-eligible Americans are at least partially vaccinated, but there are pockets of the population that are under-vaccinated, such as in rural areas and some demographic groups (e.g. age, race, ethnicity). These pockets are extremely susceptible to the Delta variant, exacerbating the healthcare crisis and increasing the risk of new variants. In this paper, we describe a data-driven model that provides real-time support to Virginia public health officials by recommending mobile vaccination site placement in order to target under-vaccinated populations. Our strategy uses fine-grained mobility data, along with US Census and vaccination uptake data, to identify locations that are most likely to be visited by unvaccinated individuals. We further extend our model to choose locations that maximize vaccine uptake among hesitant groups. We show that the top recommended sites vary substantially across some demographics, demonstrating the value of developing customized recommendation models that integrate fine-grained, heterogeneous data sources. We also validate our recommendations by analyzing the success rates of deployed vaccine sites, and show that sites placed closer to our recommended areas administered higher numbers of doses. Our model is the first of its kind to consider evolving mobility patterns in real-time for suggesting placement strategies customized for different targeted demographic groups.

The Relationship Between Coronavirus-Related Anxiety on Physical Frailty, Psychological Frailty, and Social Frailty in Older Community-Dwellers in Taiwan During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Most activities in community centers have declined as a countermeasure against the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, multidimensional frailty rates gradually worsened. This research aimed to explore coronavirus-related anxiety and others factors that influence physical, psychological, and social frailty in older community-dwellers in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two hundred and eight (208) elderlies over 65 years of age who lived in 12 administrative districts of Taipei City during the COVID-19 pandemic completed online questionnaires. The questionnaire asked for basic information, and included the coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale, SARC-CalF of physical frailty, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator of psychological frailty, and the Questionnaire to define Social Frailty Status. Data were collected from 21 Ma y to 4 June 2022. They were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The average scores for coronavirus anxiety was 2.61, physical frailty was 1.28, psychological frailty was 1.67, and social frailty was 2.25. Regression analysis indicated that the degree of anxiety-related symptoms was associated with physical and psychological frailty in older community-dwellers (p < 0.01, p ¼ 0.002). Conclusions: The anxiety related to coronaviruses in older community-dwellers affected their physical, psychological, and social frailty in Taiwan. We considered anxiety-related symptoms when assessing the frailty status of elderly to better understand their physical and mental health. Thus, these data support policy recommendations to reduce the effects of the elderly's anxiety-related symptoms on their frailty in future pandemics. © 2023 College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.

A topic modeling analysis for Korean online newspapers: Focusing on the social perceptions of nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic period

Purpose: This study explored the meaning of the social perceptions of nurses in online news articles during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A total of 339 nurse-related articles published in Korean online newspapers from January 1 to December 31, 2020, were extracted by entering various combinations of OR and AND with the four words "Corona,” "COVID,” "Nursing,” and "Nurse” as search keywords using BIGKinds, a news database provided by the Korea Press Foundation. The collected data were analyzed with a keyword network analysis and topic modeling using NetMiner 4. Results: The top keywords extracted from the nurse-related news articles were, in the following order, "metropolitan area,” "protective clothing,” "government,” "task,” and "admission.” Four topics representing keywords were identified: "encouragement for dedicated nurses,” "poor work environment,” "front-line nurses working with obligation during the COVID-19 pandemic,” and "nurses' efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19.” Conclusion: The media's attention to the dedication of nurses, the shortage of nursing resources, and the need for government support is encouraging in that it forms the public opinion necessary to lead to substantial improvements in treating nurses. The nursing community should actively promote policy proposals to improve treatment toward nurses by utilizing the net function of the media and proactively seek and apply strategies to improve the image of nurses working in various fields. Copyright © 2022 The Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of PPCPs in Typical Drinking Water Sources in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River During the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the CIVID-19 pandemic, water samples were collected from 26 sampling points in 18 typical drinking water sources in Wuhan, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods were used to measure the concentrations of 31 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water samples. The pollution characteristics of PPCPs were analyzed and their ecological and health risks were assessed. The results showed that a total of 23 PPCPs were detected in the 26 sampling points. Among them, five types of PPCPs were detected with a detection rate of 100%, with total concentrations ranging from 102.44 ng•L -1 to 745.78 ng•L -1, and the average concentration was 206.87 ng•L -1. The highest concentrations were in salicylic acid (SA) and doxycycline (DIC), ranging from 28.24 to 534.24 ng•L -1 and 28.72 to 416.6 ng•L -1, respectively. According to the spatial distribution of PPCPs, the concentration of antibiotics in the Hanjiang River was higher than that in the Yangtze River, whereas the concentration of other types of PPCPs in the Yangtze River was higher than that in the Hanjiang River. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the toxic risk in algae was higher than those in invertebrates and fish. The risks of salicylic acid (SA), doxycycline (DIC), lincomycin (LIN), and chlortetracycline (CTE) to algae were at a high level, and the ecological risk of PPCPs in the Hanjiang River was generally higher than that in the Yangtze River. The health risk assessment results showed that the risk to adults and children by drinking water ranged from 1.14 × 10 -4 to 0.136 and from 1.04 × 10 -4 to 0.821, respectively. The health risk to children was higher than that to adults, although their levels were low. Compared with the concentrations of PPCPs in drinking water sources of Wuhan in recent years, under the CIVID-19 pandemic, the pollution status of PPCPs in the Yangtze River was at a medium level, whereas it was at a high level in the Hanjiang River. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.

Mechanism and Experimental Verification of the Use of Rhodiola crenulata to Cytokine Storm Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Objective: To identify the potential biological mechanisms by which Rhodiola crenulata (RC) treats cytokine storm (CS) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. Method(s): The ingredients and targets of RC were collected from the Organchem database. CS-related genes were collected using the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the RC-CS network diagram. These data were inputted into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network. we performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis using DAVID and R software. Molecular docking of the active ingredient and pathway-related targets was carried out using AutoDock Vina and PyMOL, and then a CS model was established in rats induced by lipopolysaccharide for in vivo experimental verification. Result(s): The network pharmacology results showed that kaempferol was the most important active component of RC in the treatment of CS, and IL6 and STAT3 were identified as key targets. Molecular docking results showed that RC active components kaempferol had a good binding ability to IL6/STAT3. At the same time, compared with the model group, different doses of kaempferol could down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors (P <.05), and protect against systemic inflammatory response multiple organ damage. Conclusion(s): This study preliminarily revealed that RC can prevent and treat CS by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the systemic inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide, and providing a theoretical basis for the study of its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action. Copyright © The Author(s) 2022.

Airborne migration behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 coupled with varied air distribution systems in a ventilated space

Air distribution system could critically affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor space;therefore, this study aims at demonstrating numerical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 migration with varied air distribution system configurations. Seven cases were investigated regarding three major aspects: how fast suspended particles can be removed from the ventilated space or changed into deposited particles;how much particles are attached to various object surfaces which leads to an infection by touching fomite. All cases were analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Both different shapes (round or linear diffusers) and installation locations (ceiling or floor) of inlet and outlet diffusers were investigated. Results showed that different air distribution system would lead to different dispersion profiles of infectious particles and different deposition pattern of particles on interior surfaces. With the same air flow rate, linear-diffuser would perform better for CO2 extraction while requiring less time to remove or collide the same magnitude of suspended droplets compared to round-diffuser. However, how quickly removed or suspended droplets collide is not proportional to how less the number of total particles are remained. Two additional cases with double sized space possessing best ventilation configuration were also examined to explore potential application of the best-ventilated configuration to various spatial expansion cases.

Administration of the TNF-alpha inhibitor, infliximab, reduces mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID pneumonia. Results of a randomized controlled trial

Background. Severe COVID-19 infection is characterized by a dysregulated hyperinflammatory state that contributes to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory therapy has been shown to improve outcomes. We investigated if the TNF-alpha inhibitor, infliximab (IFX), provides additional benefit over standard of care. Methods. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of IFX (single infusion of 5 mg/kg) compared to standard of care (including remdesivir and dexamethasone) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The primary outcome was time to recovery by day 29. Key secondary endpoints included 14-day clinical status and 28-day mortality. Results. A total of 1033 patients received study agent (517 assigned to IFX, 516 to common placebo), constituting the analyzed modified intention-to-treat cohort. Mean age 54.8 years, 60.3% were male, 48.6% Hispanic/Latino and 14% Black. Randomization was balanced for severity of illness and comorbidities. Participants randomized to IFX did not show a statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint with a recovery rate ratio of 1.13 (95% CI 0.99-1.27, p=0.0631) compared to placebo. The median (IQR) time to recovery was 8 days (7, 9) for IFX and 9 days (8, 10) for placebo. Patients assigned to IFX were more likely to have an improved clinical status at day 14 (OR 1.32;95% CI 1.05, 1.66). The 28-day mortality was 10.1% in the IFX arm and 14.5% in the placebo (OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.39, 0.90)), with a 40.7% lower odds of dying in patients receiving IFX. The improvement in mortality was demonstrated in patients requiring low- or high-flow O2 at baseline but not in those requiring mechanical ventilation or ECMO. Subgroup analysis identified the strongest effect in those with baseline CRP >75mg/ml. There was no imbalances in serious adverse events. Secondary infections were similar between groups (IFX 18.0%, placebo 16.5%). Conclusion. Although single-dose IV IFX did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in time to recovery, it was associated with improvement in clinical status at day 14 and showed a substantial reduction in 28 day mortality compared to standard of care.

Administration of abatacept, reduces mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID pneumonia. Results of a randomized controlled trial

Background. Severe COVID-19 infection is characterized by a dysregulated hyperinflammatory state that contributes to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory therapy has been shown to improve outcomes. We investigated if abatacept, CTLA-4-Ig, a selective costimulation modulator, provides additional benefit when added to standard of care. Methods. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating abatacept (given as a single infusion of 10mg/kg, to a maximum of 1000 mg) compared to standard of care (including remdesivir and dexamethasone) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The primary outcome was median time to recovery by day 29. Key secondary endpoints included 28-day mortality. Results. A total of 1019 patients received an infusion (509 assigned to abatacept and 510 to placebo), constituting the analyzed modified intention-to-treat cohort. The mean age 54.9 years (SD 14.65), 60.5% were male, 44.2% Hispanic or Latino and 13.7% black. Patients were evenly matched in terms of severity of illness, and comorbidities. Participants randomized to abatacept did not show a statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint with a recovery rate ratio of 1.135 (95% CI 0.996-1.294, p=0.057) compared to placebo. The median (IQR) time to recovery was 9 days (8, 10) for both groups. The 28-day mortality in the abatacept arm was 11.0% and in control arm 15.0% (OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.41, 0.94)), with a 37.8% lower odds of dying in patients receiving abatacept. The improvement in mortality was demonstrated for patients requiring low or high flow O2 at baseline but was not seen in patients who required mechanical ventilation or ECMO at time of randomization. Subgroup analysis identified the strongest effect in those with baseline CRP >75mg/L, age >65 and diabetics. Safety data demonstrated slightly lower risk of adverse events. Rates of secondary infections were similar (abatacept 16.1% and placebo 14.3%). Conclusion. Although single-dose IV abatacept did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in time to recovery, it did show a substantial reduction in 28-day mortality compared to standard of care.

Likelihood Ratio Tests for Lorenz Dominance

In testing hypotheses pertaining to Lorenz dominance (LD), researchers have examined second- and third-order stochastic dominance using empirical Lorenz processes and integrated stochastic processes with the aid of bootstrap analysis. Among these topics, analysis of third-order stochastic dominance (TSD) based on the notion of risk aversion has been examined using crossing (generalized) Lorenz curves. These facts motivated the present study to characterize distribution pairs displaying the TSD without second-order (generalized Lorenz) dominance. It further motivated the development of likelihood ratio (LR) goodness-of-fit tests for examining the respective hypotheses of the LD, crossing (generalized) Lorenz curves, and TSD through approximate Chi-squared distributions. The proposed LR tests were assessed using simulated distributions, and applied to examine the COVID-19 regional death counts of bivariate samples collected by the World Health Organization between March 2020 and February 2021.

COVID-19 Literature Knowledge Graph Construction and Drug Repurposing Report Generation

To combat COVID-19, both clinicians and scientists need to digest vast amounts of relevant biomedical knowledge in scientific literature to understand the disease mechanism and related biological functions. We have developed a novel and comprehensive knowledge discovery framework, COVID-KG to extract fine-grained multimedia knowledge elements (entities and their visual chemical structures, relations and events) from scientific literature. We then exploit the constructed multimedia knowledge graphs (KGs) for question answering and report generation, using drug repurposing as a case study. Our framework also provides detailed contextual sentences, subfigures, and knowledge subgraphs as evidence. All of the data, KGs, reports(1), resources, and shared services are publicly available(2).

Experiential Entrepreneurship in Food Engineering: Student Perspectives on Three Student-Initiated Ventures

This paper presents exemplary cases of learning entrepreneurial mindset from an institution that provides faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students separate theory-driven trainings in entrepreneurship and subsequent opportunities to practice experiential learning of entrepreneurship together. A sequence of project-based learning courses in engineering brings together faculty and students to work in multi-disciplinary teams. Students gain experience solving practical, open-ended engineering problems and developing professional skills throughout their studies. Opportunity identification, feasibility analysis, product development, professional communication, leadership, and teamwork are emphasized. Both faculty mentors and students build foundations in the entrepreneurial mindset via training certificates and funding programs offered by the institution through a dedicated center in innovation and entrepreneurship. By leveraging support from these programs, student-initiated ventures become viable. Research project-based courses, accessible laboratories, and trained faculty provide an enabling environment for students to accelerate their entrepreneurial experiences. Herein, a snapshot of three concurrent student-initiated ventures into food engineering is captured via case reports. The student leaders of these ventures offer different approaches to ideation and venture initiation, especially representing three successive cohorts of students - a third-year, a fourth-year, and a newly graduated engineering student. Their backgrounds and visions vary, and the changing world, including last year's COVID-19 pandemic and research lab shutdown, impacts them in different ways. Yet, these students share a drive to innovate and make the most of available opportunities. The perspectives of these students on the engineering entrepreneurship education they receive through this institution will help to develop future projects and entrepreneurship programs. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022

Inspection Data Exchange and Visualization for Building Maintenance using AR-enabled BIM

After the COVID-19 outbreak, a new concept of building maintenance (BM) systems is needed because current approaches highly rely on physical contact between workers, engineers, and managers. It imposes health and safety risks as increasing concerns about infections and spreads. This adds burdens to take unavoidable close contact and health risks to building owners, occupants, workforce, and society at large. In this respect, a new BM system was developed that enables reliable virtual communication and reduces BM response times by filling gaps between users and building managers. The proposed system is based on a concept of a cyber-physical system (CPS) using augmented reality (AR) and building information modeling (BIM) to promote non-contact building management. In this system, AR plays an important role in inspecting and visualizing defects in the real world, and the detected defect information is stored and managed by cloud-based BIM in cyberspace. This paper focuses on data visualization and management in the CPS-based non-contact building management system. A cloud-based database and mobile application are developed for data management purposes. In addition, this paper presents BIM data exchange and visualization in AR applications. Target image-based localization and tracking in BIM are also tested. The test results showed that the model alignment and localization accuracy are reliable for building maintenance works. Using the new BM mechanism, we expect that the related workers, building owners, and occupants will experience a reliable building maintenance process based on CPS-based information exchange from both users and facility managers while maintaining social distance. © 2022 International Association on Automation and Robotics in Construction.